Abstract
Immunization has become essential for prevention of infectious diseases during pandemic situations across the globe, and unsafe vaccines are seriously affecting public health and economy of countries. However, issues such as falsified or substandard and expired vaccines are still exist due to complex global supply chains and the fact that present vaccine management systems are under the control of different entities in the vaccine supply chain. Therefore, the requirement to develop the Cyber Physical ecosystem that is more resilient, responsive and having smart track and trace is urgently required. To achieve these objectives, blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) based vaccine supply chain is proposed in this work. The proposed system takes advantages of blockchain database to store the generated data through interactions among stakeholders and from IoT devices in vaccine supply chain. The proposed system is implemented on Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) blockchain framework through which the proposed system achieves resiliency, track and trace of vaccine circulation. The performance evaluations are obtained by testing a HLF with smart contracts. The evaluation is further driven by clients via Hyperledger Caliper, which is a bench mark tool used to measure the performance of blockchain solutions developed on Hyperledger. The results exhibit that the proposed system outperforms other benchmark schemes in terms of throughput and latency etc.