Abstract
Smoking cigarette is a devastating factor that can lead to chronic renal disease. The current investigation was designed to explore the prophylactic effect of bovine lactoferrin (LF) against the inflammation, fibrogenesis and angiogenesis induced renal damage in rat exposed to nicotine toxicity. Nicotine was administered intraperitoneally at either low (0.5 mg/Kg body mass) or high (2.5 mg/Kg body mass) for thirty consecutive days. LF (50 mg/Kg body mass) was administered intraperitoneally simultaneously with nicotine administration daily for thirty days. The data demonstrated injection of LF to rats treated with the small or the large dose of nicotine, markedly ameliorated the increases in the renal inflammatory markers namely interleukin -6 (IL-6(and C reactive protein (CRP), fibrogenic cytokine, transforming growth factor -beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), the angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). LF treatment also could ameliorate the alterations in the serum renal function markers (creatinine, urea and cystatin C) in rats subjected to nicotine toxicity.
In conclusion, the present result demonstrated that bovine LF could ameliorate the toxic effects of nicotine induced renal damage by suppressing inflammation, fibrogenesis, angiogenesis and NF-kappa B activation.