Abstract
During the past two decades, passive rotors have been proposed and introduced to be used in a number of different water sector applications. One of these applications is the use of a passive rotor at the outlets of pipe outfalls to enhance mixing. The main objective of this study is to develop a CFD computational workflow to numerically examine the feasibility of using a passive rotor downstream of the outlet of pipe outfalls to improve the mixing properties of the near flow field. The numerical simulation for a pipe outlet with a passive rotor is a numerical challenge because of the nonlinear water-structure interactions between the water flow and the rotor. This study utilizes a computational workflow based on the ANSYS FLUENT to simulate that water-structure interaction to estimate the variation in time of the angular speed (omega) of a passive rotor initially at rest and then subjected to time-varying water velocity (nu). Two computational techniques were investigated: the six-degrees-of-freedom (6DOF) and the sliding mesh (SM). The 6DOF method was applied first to obtain a mathematical relation of w as a function of the water velocity (nu). The SM technique was used next (based on the deduced w-o relation by the 6DOF) to minimize the calculation time considerably. The study has shown that the 6DOF technique accurately determines both maximum and temporal angular speeds, with discrepancies within 3% of the measured values. A number of numerical runs were conducted to investigate the effect of the gap distance between the passive rotor and the pipe outlet and to examine the effect of using the passive rotor on the near flow field downstream of the rotor. The model results showed that as the gap distance of the pipe outlet to the passive rotor increases, the rotor's maximum angular speed decreases following a decline power-law trend. The numerical model results also revealed that the passive rotor creates a spiral motion that extends downstream to about 15 times the pipe outlet diameter. The passive rotor significantly increases the turbulence intensity by more than 500% in the near field zone of the pipe outlet; however, this effect rapidly vanishes after four times the pipe diameter.