Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered one of the most common cancers around the world, it is the second most common in women, and the third in men worldwide(1). CRC constitutes for about 10% of all cancers around the world with about 1.36 million people affected around the world, accounting for nearly 10% of cancers(2). It is the second leading cause of mortality due to cancer both in the United States and worldwide (3). CRC have a significantly slow rate of progression. Due to this slow progression and the relatively easy detection of the precancerous lesions, early detection of CRC is associated with a significantly better prognosis, and a better chances of reducing the burden and difficulties of the disease.
Aim of work: In this review, we will discuss the most recent evidence in colon cancer screening and prevention.
Methodology: We did a systematic search about colon cancer screening and prevention using PubMed search engine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Google Scholar search engine (https://scholar.google.com). All relevant studies were retrieved and discussed. We only included full articles.
Conclusions: Currently many various options exist for CRC screening. A quick review can reveal the great difference between screening programs all over the world. Additionally, another point that should be kept in mind is that most screening tests are still done opportunistically and without any plan or program, especially in low income countries. CRC screening programs must be optimized in order to achieve the target of reducing incidence of the CRC and eventually reduce its mortality. Another important point is that a higher and wider participation rates and adherence to the programs must be achieved in different screening programs by seeking correction of all the confounding factors. We recommend for future studies to focus focus on the characterization of the different complete screening programs, starting from the invitation to participate in the programs to the colonoscopy of the high risk groups and patient with positive other test results.