COVID-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices

Jad Adrian Washif; Oyvind Sandbakk; Stephen Seiler; Thomas Haugen; Abdulaziz Farooq; Ken Quarrie; Dina C. Janse van Rensburg; Isabel Krug; Evert Verhagen; Del P. Wong; Inigo Mujika; Cristina Cortis; Monoem Haddad; Omid Ahmadian; Mahmood Al Jufaili; Ramzi A. Al-Horani; Abdulla Saeed Al-Mohannadi; Asma Aloui; Achraf Ammar; Fitim Arifi; Abdul Rashid Aziz; Mikhail Batuev; Christopher Martyn Beaven; Ralph Beneke; Arben Bici; Pallawi Bishnoi; Lone Bogwasi; Daniel Bok; Omar Boukhris; Daniel Boullosa; Nicola Bragazzi; Joao Brito; Roxana Paola Palacios Cartagena; Anis Chaouachi; Stephen S. Cheung; Hamdi Chtourou; Germina Cosma; Tadej Debevec; Matthew D. DeLang; Alexandre Dellal; Gurhan Donmez; Tarak Driss; Juan David Pena Duque; Cristiano Eirale; Mohamed Elloumi; Carl Foster; Emerson Franchini; Andrea Fusco; Olivier Galy; Paul B. Gastin; Nicholas Gill; Olivier Girard; Cvita Gregov; Shona Halson; Omar Hammouda; Ivana Hanzlikova; Bahar Hassanmirzaei; Kim Hebert-Losier; Hussein Munoz Helu; Tomas Herrera-Valenzuela; Florentina J. Hettinga; Louis Holtzhausen; Olivier Hue; Antonio Dello Iacono; Johanna K. Ihalainen; Carl James; Saju Joseph; Karim Kamoun; Mehdi Khaled; Karim Khalladi; Kwang Joon Kim; Lian-Yee Kok; Lewis MacMillan; Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos; Ryo Matsunaga; Shpresa Memishi; Gregoire P. Millet; Imen Moussa-Chamari; Danladi Ibrahim Musa; Hoang Minh Thuan Nguyen; Pantelis T. Nikolaidis; Adam Owen; Johnny Padulo; Jeffrey Cabayan Pagaduan; Nirmala Panagodage Perera; Jorge Perez-Gomez; Lervasen Pillay; Arporn Popa; Avishkar Pudasaini; Alizera Rabbani; Tandiyo Rahayu; Mohamed Romdhani; Paul Salamh; Abu-Sufian Sarkar; Andy Schillinger; Heny Setyawati; Navina Shrestha; Fatona Suraya; Montassar Tabben; Khaled Trabelsi; Axel Urhausen; Maarit Valtonen; Johanna Weber; Rodney Whiteley; Adel Zrane; Yacine Zerguini; Piotr Zmijewski; Helmi Ben Saad; David B. Pyne; Lee Taylor; Karim Chamari

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2021-0543

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COVID-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices

Journal article

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COVID-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices

Jad Adrian Washif, Oyvind Sandbakk, Stephen Seiler, Thomas Haugen, Abdulaziz Farooq, Ken Quarrie, Dina C. Janse van Rensburg, Isabel Krug, Evert Verhagen, Del P. Wong, …

International journal of sports physiology and performance, Vol.17(8), pp.1242-1256

01/08/2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0543

PMID: 35894967

Abstract

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Physiology

Science & Technology

Sport Sciences

Purpose: To investigate differences in athletes' knowledge, beliefs, and training practices during COVID-19 lockdownswith reference to sport classification and sex. This work extends an initial descriptive evaluation focusing on athlete classification. Methods: Athletes (12,526; 66% male; 142 countries) completed an online survey (May-July 2020) assessing knowledge, beliefs, and practices toward training. Sports were classified as team sports (45%), endurance (20%), power/technical (10%), combat (9%), aquatic (6%), recreational (4%), racquet (3%), precision (2%), parasports (1%), and others (1%). Further analysis by sexwas performed. Results: During lockdown, athletes practiced body-weight-based exercises routinely (67% females and 64% males), ranging from 50% (precision) to 78% (parasports). More sport-specific technical skills were performed in combat, parasports, and precision (similar to 50%) than other sports (similar to 35%). Most athletes (range: 50% [parasports] to 75% [endurance]) performed cardiorespiratory training (trivial sex differences). Compared to prelockdown, perceived training intensity was reduced by 29% to 41%, depending on sport (largest decline: similar to 38% in team sports, unaffected by sex). Some athletes (range: 7%-49%) maintained their training intensity for strength, endurance, speed, plyometric, change-of-direction, and technical training. Athletes who previously trained >= 5 sessions per week reduced their volume (range: 18%-28%) during lockdown. The proportion of athletes (81%) training >= 60 min/session reduced by 31% to 43% during lockdown. Males and females had comparable moderate levels of training knowledge (56% vs 58%) and beliefs/attitudes (54% vs 56%). Conclusions: Changes in athletes' training practices were sport-specific, with few or no sex differences. Team-based sports were generally more susceptible to changes than individual sports. Policy makers should provide athletes with specific training arrangements and educational resources to facilitate remote and/or home-based training during lockdown-type events.

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Title: COVID-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices
Creators - without role: Jad Adrian Washif - Natl Sports Inst Malaysia, Sports Performance Div, Inst Sukan Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Oyvind Sandbakk - Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Neuromed & Movement Sci, Ctr Elite Sports Res, Trondheim, Norway
Stephen Seiler - University of Agder
Thomas Haugen - Supreme Council Of Health
Abdulaziz Farooq - College Station Medical Center
Ken Quarrie - New Zealand Rugby, Wellington, New Zealand
Dina C. Janse van Rensburg - University of Pretoria
Isabel Krug - University of Melbourne
Evert Verhagen - University of Amsterdam
Del P. Wong - Metropolitan University
Inigo Mujika - University of the Basque Country
Cristina Cortis - University of Cassino and Southern Lazio
Monoem Haddad - Qatar University
Omid Ahmadian - College Station Medical Center
Mahmood Al Jufaili - College Station Medical Center
Ramzi A. Al-Horani - Yarmouk University
Abdulla Saeed Al-Mohannadi - Summit
Asma Aloui - ACT
Achraf Ammar - Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
Fitim Arifi - Coll Univ, Phys Culture Sports & Recreat, Prishtina, Kosovo
Abdul Rashid Aziz - College Station Medical Center
Mikhail Batuev - Northumbria University
Christopher Martyn Beaven - University of Waikato
Ralph Beneke - Philipps University of Marburg
Arben Bici - Sports University of Tirana
Pallawi Bishnoi - Minerva Punjab Acad & Football Club, Physiotherapy Dept, Mohali, India
Lone Bogwasi - Nyangabgwe Hosp, Dept Orthoped, Francistown, Botswana
Daniel Bok - University of Zagreb
Omar Boukhris - ACT
Daniel Boullosa - Federal Reserve
Nicola Bragazzi - York Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lab Ind & Appl Math LIAM, Toronto, ON, Canada
Joao Brito - Supreme Council Of Health
Roxana Paola Palacios Cartagena - Universidad de Extremadura
Anis Chaouachi - College Station Medical Center
Stephen S. Cheung - Brock University
Hamdi Chtourou - ACT
Germina Cosma - University of Craiova
Tadej Debevec - University of Ljubljana
Matthew D. DeLang - Right Dream Acad, Old Akrade, Ghana
Alexandre Dellal - College Station Medical Center
Gurhan Donmez - Hacettepe University
Tarak Driss - Paris Nanterre Univ, Interdisciplinary Lab Neurosci Physiol & Psychol, UFR STAPS, UPL, Nanterre, France
Juan David Pena Duque - Al Hila Football Club, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Cristiano Eirale - Paris St Germain FC, Paris, France
Mohamed Elloumi - Prince Sultan University
Carl Foster - University of Wisconsin–La Crosse
Emerson Franchini - Supreme Council Of Health
Andrea Fusco - University of Cassino and Southern Lazio
Olivier Galy - University of New Caledonia
Paul B. Gastin - La Trobe University
Nicholas Gill - University of Waikato
Olivier Girard - University of Western Australia
Cvita Gregov - University of Zagreb
Shona Halson - Australian Catholic University
Omar Hammouda - Paris Nanterre Univ, Interdisciplinary Lab Neurosci Physiol & Psychol, UFR STAPS, UPL, Nanterre, France
Ivana Hanzlikova - University of Waikato
Bahar Hassanmirzaei - University of Tehran
Kim Hebert-Losier - University of Waikato
Hussein Munoz Helu - Univ Autonoma Occidente, Dept Econ Adm Sci, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
Tomas Herrera-Valenzuela - University of Santiago Chile
Florentina J. Hettinga - Northumbria University
Louis Holtzhausen - College Station Medical Center
Olivier Hue - Univ Antilles, Lab ACTES, UFR STAPS, Pointe A Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
Antonio Dello Iacono - University of the West of Scotland
Johanna K. Ihalainen - University of Jyväskylä
Carl James - Natl Sports Inst Malaysia, Sports Performance Div, Inst Sukan Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Saju Joseph - Sports Author India, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Karim Kamoun - College Station Medical Center
Mehdi Khaled - SEHA, Singapore, Singapore
Karim Khalladi - College Station Medical Center
Kwang Joon Kim - Yonsei University
Lian-Yee Kok - Tunku Abdul Rahman Univ Coll, Dept Sport Sci, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Lewis MacMillan - Fulham Football Club, Sport Sci Dept, London, England
Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos - Coventry University
Ryo Matsunaga - Antlers Sports Clin, Kashima, Japan
Shpresa Memishi - Univ Tetova, Fac Phys Educ, Tetovo, North Macedonia
Gregoire P. Millet - University of Lausanne
Imen Moussa-Chamari - Qatar University
Danladi Ibrahim Musa - Kogi State University
Hoang Minh Thuan Nguyen - Ho Chi Minh City Univ Sport, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis - University of West Attica
Adam Owen - Claude Bernard University Lyon 1
Johnny Padulo - University of Milan
Jeffrey Cabayan Pagaduan - University of Tasmania
Nirmala Panagodage Perera - ACT
Jorge Perez-Gomez - Universidad de Extremadura
Lervasen Pillay - University of Pretoria
Arporn Popa - Mahasarakham University
Avishkar Pudasaini - College Station Medical Center
Alizera Rabbani - University of Isfahan
Tandiyo Rahayu - Univ Negeri Semarang, Fac Sport Sci, Semarang, Indonesia
Mohamed Romdhani - ACT
Paul Salamh - University of Indianapolis
Abu-Sufian Sarkar - Bashundhara Kings, Nilphamari, Bangladesh
Andy Schillinger - Miskawaan Hlth Grp, Bangkok, Thailand
Heny Setyawati - Univ Negeri Semarang, Fac Sport Sci, Semarang, Indonesia
Navina Shrestha - College Station Medical Center
Fatona Suraya - Univ Negeri Semarang, Fac Sport Sci, Semarang, Indonesia
Montassar Tabben - College Station Medical Center
Khaled Trabelsi - University of Sfax
Axel Urhausen - Ctr Hosp Luxembourg, Clin Eich, Sports Clin, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Maarit Valtonen - Res Inst Olymp Sports, Jyvaskyla, Finland
Johanna Weber - Christian Albrechts Univ Kiel, Inst Sports Sci, Kiel, Germany
Rodney Whiteley - College Station Medical Center
Adel Zrane - University of Sousse
Yacine Zerguini - College Station Medical Center
Piotr Zmijewski - Jozef Pilsudski Univ Phys Educ Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Helmi Ben Saad - University of Sousse
David B. Pyne - University of Canberra
Lee Taylor - Loughborough University
Karim Chamari - College Station Medical Center
Publication Details: International journal of sports physiology and performance, Vol.17(8), pp.1242-1256
Publisher: Human Kinetics Publ Inc
Number of pages: 15
Grant note: COVID19-ECBATA consortium
Identifiers: 9927300208331
Academic Unit: Prince Sultan University
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article