Abstract
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a serious disease of bone, all elderly people and post menopausal women will eventually experience it in their lives. Recent studies have shown that caffeine has a negative effect on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) by accelerating osteoporosis through different mechanisms.
Aim: To determine the relationship between caffeine intake from different sources (arabic coffee, black tea and green tea) collectively and the effect of each one of these sources separately on the BMD.
Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2014 to 2015 that included men and post menopausal women above the age of 50 years. Osteoporosis risk factors were evaluated through a questionnaire that was constructed by our team and the daily amount of caffeine consumed was estimated. Information about calcium and vitamin D intake was also collected as they play an important role in maintaining bone health. All the patients underwent Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scan. SPSS statistics software was used for data analysis.
Results: A total of 250 subjects participated in the study, with only 22 (8.8%) male subjects. The mean age was 65 years and 125 (50%) of the patients were diagnosed with osteopenia, 80 (32%) had osteoporosis, and 45 (18%) had normal BMD. The total estimated daily caffeine intake was 186 mg/day.
Osteoporotic group showed to have non significantly higher calcium/vitamin D intake and was more likely to report sedentary lifestyle and had fragility fractures.
Osteoporotic group reported to have non significantly higher caffeine intake mainly from arabic coffee and black tea, but lower caffeine from green tea when compared to the osteopenic group. Adjusting for possible confounding factors, a non significant negative partial correlation was found between total caffeine intake and L-spine BMD, and between caffeine from black tea and femoral neck BMD. Also, a non significant positive partial correlation was observed between total caffeine and femoral neck BMD, and between caffeine from black tea and L-spine BMD, and between caffeine from green tea and arabic coffee and both L-spine and femoral neck BMD.
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study it was observed that there is no significant correlation between BMD and daily caffeine consumption and therefore we may conclude that there is no relationship between osteoporosis and caffeine consumption.