Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO

G. Gallina; P. Giampa; F. Retière; J. Kroeger; G. Zhang; M. Ward; P. Margetak; G. Li; T. Tsang; L. Doria; S. Al Kharusi; M. Alfaris; G. Anton; I.J. Arnquist; I. Badhrees; P.S. Barbeau; D. Beck; V. Belov; T. Bhatta; J. Blatchford; J.P. Brodsky; E. Brown; T. Brunner; G.F. Cao; L. Cao; W.R. Cen; C. Chambers; S.A. Charlebois; M. Chiu; B. Cleveland; M. Coon; A. Craycraft; J. Dalmasson; T. Daniels; L. Darroch; S.J. Daugherty; A. De St. Croix; A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian; R. DeVoe; J. Dilling; Y.Y. Ding; M.J. Dolinski; A. Dragone; J. Echevers; M. Elbeltagi; L. Fabris; D. Fairbank; W. Fairbank; J. Farine; S. Feyzbakhsh; R. Fontaine; P. Gautam; G. Giacomini; R. Gornea; G. Gratta; E.V. Hansen; M. Heffner; E.W. Hoppe; J. Hößl; A. House; M. Hughes; Y. Ito; A. Iverson; A. Jamil; M.J. Jewell; X.S. Jiang; A. Karelin; L.J. Kaufman; D. Kodroff; T. Koffas; R. Krücken; A. Kuchenkov; K.S. Kumar; Y. Lan; A. Larson; B.G. Lenardo; D.S. Leonard; S. Li; Z. Li; C. Licciardi; Y.H. Lin; P. Lv; R. MacLellan; T. McElroy; M. Medina-Peregrina; T. Michel; B. Mong; D.C. Moore; K. Murray; P. Nakarmi; R.J. Newby; Z. Ning; O. Njoya; F. Nolet; O. Nusair; K. Odgers; A. Odian; M. Oriunno; J.L. Orrell; G.S. Ortega; I. Ostrovskiy; C.T. Overman; S. Parent; A. Piepke; A. Pocar; J.-F. Pratte; D. Qiu; V. Radeka; E. Raguzin; S. Rescia; M. Richman; A. Robinson; T. Rossignol; P.C. Rowson; N. Roy; R. Saldanha; S. Sangiorgio; K. Skarpaas; A.K. Soma; G. St-Hilaire; V. Stekhanov; T. Stiegler; X.L. Sun; M. Tarka; J. Todd; T. Tolba; T.I. Totev; R. Tsang; F. Vachon; V. Veeraraghavan; G. Visser; J.-L. Vuilleumier; M. Wagenpfeil; M. Walent; Q. Wang; J. Watkins; M. Weber; W. Wei; L.J. Wen; U. Wichoski; S.X. Wu; W.H. Wu; X. Wu; Q. Xia; H. Yang; L. Yang; Y.-R. Yen; O. Zeldovich; J. Zhao; Y. Zhou; T. Ziegler; Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.096

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Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO

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Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO

G. Gallina, P. Giampa, F. Retière, J. Kroeger, G. Zhang, M. Ward, P. Margetak, G. Li, T. Tsang, L. Doria, …

Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment, Vol.940(C), pp.371-379

01/10/2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.096

Abstract

Hamamatsu

MPPCs

nEXO

PDE

SiPMs

VUV4

In this paper we report on the characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 (S/N: S13370-6152) Vacuum Ultra-Violet (VUV) sensitive Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPC)s as part of the development of a solution for the detection of liquid xenon scintillation light for the nEXO experiment. Various MPPC features, such as: dark noise, gain, correlated avalanches, direct crosstalk and Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) were measured in a dedicated setup at TRIUMF. MPPCs were characterized in the range 163K≤T≤233K. At an over voltage of 3.1±0.2 V and at T=163K we report a number of Correlated Avalanches (CAs) per pulse in the 1μs interval following the trigger pulse of 0.161±0.005. At the same settings the Dark-Noise (DN) rate is 0.137±0.002Hz/mm2. Both the number of CAs and the DN rate are within nEXO specifications. The PDE of the Hamamatsu VUV4 was measured for two different devices at T=233K for a mean wavelength of 189±7nm. At 3.6±0.2 V and 3.5±0.2 V of over voltage we report a PDE of 13.4±2.6% and 11±2%, corresponding to a saturation PDE of 14.8±2.8% and 12.2±2.3%, respectively. Both values are well below the 24% saturation PDE advertised by Hamamatsu. More generally, the second device tested at 3.5±0.2 V of over voltage is below the nEXO PDE requirement. The first one instead yields a PDE that is marginally close to meeting the nEXO specifications. This suggests that with modest improvements the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs could be considered as an alternative to the FBK-LF Silicon Photo-Multipliers for the final design of the nEXO detector.

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Title: Characterization of the Hamamatsu VUV4 MPPCs for nEXO
Creators - without role: G. Gallina - TRIUMF
P. Giampa - TRIUMF
F. Retière - TRIUMF
J. Kroeger - TRIUMF
G. Zhang - TRIUMF
M. Ward - TRIUMF
P. Margetak - TRIUMF
G. Li - Stanford University
T. Tsang - Brookhaven National Laboratory
L. Doria - TRIUMF
S. Al Kharusi - McGill University
M. Alfaris - University of Massachusetts Amherst
G. Anton - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
I.J. Arnquist - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
I. Badhrees - Carleton University
P.S. Barbeau - Duke University
D. Beck - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
V. Belov - Kurchatov Institute
T. Bhatta - University of South Dakota
J. Blatchford - University of Massachusetts Amherst
J.P. Brodsky - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
E. Brown - Kurchatov Institute
T. Brunner - University of Massachusetts Amherst
G.F. Cao - Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
L. Cao - University of Massachusetts Amherst
W.R. Cen - Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
C. Chambers - University of Massachusetts Amherst
S.A. Charlebois - McGill University
M. Chiu - University of Massachusetts Amherst
B. Cleveland - University of Massachusetts Amherst
M. Coon - University of Massachusetts Amherst
A. Craycraft - Colorado State University
J. Dalmasson - University of Massachusetts Amherst
T. Daniels - University of Massachusetts Amherst
L. Darroch - University of Massachusetts Amherst
S.J. Daugherty - Indiana University Bloomington
A. De St. Croix - TRIUMF
A. Der Mesrobian-Kabakian - Laurentian University
R. DeVoe - University of Massachusetts Amherst
J. Dilling - University of Massachusetts Amherst
Y.Y. Ding - Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
M.J. Dolinski - Drexel University
A. Dragone - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
J. Echevers - University of Massachusetts Amherst
M. Elbeltagi - University of Massachusetts Amherst
L. Fabris - University of Massachusetts Amherst
D. Fairbank - University of Massachusetts Amherst
W. Fairbank - TRIUMF
J. Farine - University of Massachusetts Amherst
S. Feyzbakhsh - Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory
R. Fontaine - Université de Sherbrooke
P. Gautam - Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory
G. Giacomini - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
R. Gornea - University of Massachusetts Amherst
G. Gratta - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
E.V. Hansen - Drexel University
M. Heffner - University of Massachusetts Amherst
E.W. Hoppe - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
J. Hößl - University of Massachusetts Amherst
A. House - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
M. Hughes - University of Massachusetts Amherst
Y. Ito - McGill University
A. Iverson - Colorado State University
A. Jamil - University of New Haven
M.J. Jewell - Stanford University
X.S. Jiang - Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
A. Karelin - Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
L.J. Kaufman - Indiana University Bloomington
D. Kodroff - University of Massachusetts Amherst
T. Koffas - University of Massachusetts Amherst
R. Krücken - University of Massachusetts Amherst
A. Kuchenkov - Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
K.S. Kumar - Stony Brook University
Y. Lan - TRIUMF
A. Larson - University of South Dakota
B.G. Lenardo - Stanford University
D.S. Leonard - Ibs
S. Li - Stanford University
Z. Li - Stanford University
C. Licciardi - University of Massachusetts Amherst
Y.H. Lin - Drexel University
P. Lv - Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory
R. MacLellan - University of Massachusetts Amherst
T. McElroy - University of Massachusetts Amherst
M. Medina-Peregrina - University of Massachusetts Amherst
T. Michel - University of Massachusetts Amherst
B. Mong - University of Massachusetts Amherst
D.C. Moore - University of New Haven
K. Murray - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
P. Nakarmi - Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory
R.J. Newby - Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Z. Ning - TRIUMF
O. Njoya - University of Massachusetts Amherst
F. Nolet - University of Massachusetts Amherst
O. Nusair - University of Massachusetts Amherst
K. Odgers - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
A. Odian - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
M. Oriunno - University of Massachusetts Amherst
J.L. Orrell - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
G.S. Ortega - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
I. Ostrovskiy - University of Alabama
C.T. Overman - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
S. Parent - Université de Sherbrooke
A. Piepke - University of Alabama
A. Pocar - University of Massachusetts Amherst
J.-F. Pratte - Université de Sherbrooke
D. Qiu - Institute of Microelectronics
V. Radeka - Brookhaven National Laboratory
E. Raguzin - Brookhaven National Laboratory
S. Rescia - Brookhaven National Laboratory
M. Richman - Drexel University
A. Robinson - Laurentian University
T. Rossignol - Université de Sherbrooke
P.C. Rowson - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
N. Roy - Université de Sherbrooke
R. Saldanha - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
S. Sangiorgio - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
K. Skarpaas - SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
A.K. Soma - University of Alabama
G. St-Hilaire - Université de Sherbrooke
V. Stekhanov - Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
T. Stiegler - Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
X.L. Sun - Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
M. Tarka - University of Massachusetts Amherst
J. Todd - Colorado State University
T. Tolba - Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
T.I. Totev - McGill University
R. Tsang - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
F. Vachon - Université de Sherbrooke
V. Veeraraghavan - University of Alabama
G. Visser - Indiana University Bloomington
J.-L. Vuilleumier - University of Bern
M. Wagenpfeil - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
M. Walent - Laurentian University
Q. Wang - Institute of Microelectronics
J. Watkins - Carleton University
M. Weber - Stanford University
W. Wei - Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
L.J. Wen - Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
U. Wichoski - Laurentian University
S.X. Wu - Stanford University
W.H. Wu - Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
X. Wu - Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Q. Xia - University of New Haven
H. Yang - Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
L. Yang - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Y.-R. Yen - Drexel University
O. Zeldovich - Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
J. Zhao - Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Y. Zhou - Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
T. Ziegler - Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Publication Details: Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment, Vol.940(C), pp.371-379
Publisher: Elsevier B.V
Identifiers: 9918877808331
Academic Unit: King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article