Abstract
The essential oils from flowers and leaves of P. incisa and P. crispa were extracted using two methods, hydro-distillation (HD) and solid phase micro-extraction (SPME). The essential oils were analyzed using GS-MS whilst their contents were quantitatively determined using GC-FID. The analysis revealed the following: For P. incisa, SPME oils from flowers and leaves were dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes (cis-verbenol, 2E-octene and E-caryophyllene from flowers and thymoquinone, methyl-gamma-ionone and butylated hydroxyanisole from leaves). Comparatively HD oils were dominated by phenolic compounds (butylated hydroxyanisole, 7-epi-alpha-Eudesmol and methyl-gamma-ionone from flowers and leaves). For P. crispa, SPME oils from flowers were dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes (crysanthenone, cis-thujopsenic acid and Z-jasmone) and those from leaves were dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (7-epi-alpha-eudesmol, 11-acetoxyeudesman-4-alpha-ol and cembrene). Comparatively, the oxygenated monoterpenes crysanthenone, p-cymene-8-ol and 2,6-dimethyl phenol were determined in the HD oils from flowers, while crysanthenone, p-cymene-8-ol and vanillin were identified in those from leaves. The essential oils extracted from flowers and leaves P. incisa and P. crispa showed good antioxidant as well as anticancer activities.