Abstract
Diabetes is a life-threatening metabolic disease marked by hyperglycaemia, endocrine system abnormalities, and aberrant lipid metabolic profiles. The study targeted to identify the phytochemical constituents of Schinus pol-ygamus leaf extract (SPLE) and evaluate its ameliorative effects on the oxidative stress and metabolic abnor-malities caused by high-fat diet (HFD) with low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) in male rats. The high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis of SPLE revealed identification of fourteen compounds of phenolic nature, such as gallic acid, catechin, methyl gallate, pentagalloyl-O-hexoside and cate-chin-O-hexoside. The type-2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) model was established by HFD and STZ (i.p; 30 mg/kg). The T2DM animals orally administrated two doses of SPLE (200 & 400 mg/kg b.w/day) or metformin (400 mg/ kg/day, orally) for one month. The extract dose-dependently enhanced the body weight gain, BMI, hepatorenal toxicity markers, hyperglycaemia, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin level, lipid peroxidation and dyslipidaemia of diabetic rats. It also improved insulin sensitivity and antioxidant defense system. Moreover, it modulated the levels of proinflammatory adipokines (adiponectin & leptin). Further, it downregulated inducible pro-inflammatory genes (NF-kappa B & iNOS mRNA expression). The present study elicited antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, anti-insulin resistance, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties of S. polygamus. Thereby, it could be a new adjuvant candidate in the T2DM management.