Abstract
This research aimed to develop a rapid, cheap, and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) from Citrullus lanatus (Cl) seed extract and the Cl-ZnONPs were analyzed using several techniques to determine their properties. These included UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM. Cl-ZnONPs have sizes between 10 and 50 nm and are spherical in form. Compared to Cl seed extract, Cl-ZnONPs displayed significantly higher levels of antioxidant activity. Comparatively to α-amylase, Cl-ZnONPs showed much stronger inhibition of β-glucosidase and DPPIV (anti-diabetic activity). Cl-ZnONPs and Cl-seed extract were tested for their ability to reduce inflammation, demonstrating potent in vitro anti-inflammatory properties (membrane stabilization, proteinase inhibitory, and lipoxygenase). In addition, the Cl-ZnONPs' antibacterial activity revealed that they had a significantly greater effect on inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Synthesized Cl- ZnONPs are promising solutions for treating inflammatory and diabetic concerns, as suggested by the outcomes. In conclusion, the biosynthesized Cl-ZnONPs shown in this study provide a synthetic substance replacement that is safe and effective in various biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, including those requiring antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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•Citrullus lanatus seed extract and synthesized ZnONPs regulate glucose metabolism.•Cl-ZnONPs may provide a new way to treat diabetes by controlling glucose metabolism.•Cl-ZnONPs inhibited Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.