Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver malignancy and one of the most common cancers worldwide. Few studies in Saudi Arabia have compared the clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) versus hepatitis C virus (HCV) and their effect on patient survival and prognosis.
OBJECTIVES: Identify differences in clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) caused by HBV versus HCV.
DESIGN: A retrospective medical records review.
SETTING: Tertiary medical center in Riyadh.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included all new cases of HCC with underlying HBV and HCV infection diagnosed between January 2013 and September 2017 that met inclusion criteria.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical, biochemical, pathological and radiological characteristics, and survival differences were compared between HCC that developed in HBV- and HCV-infected patients.
SAMPLE SIZE: Of 253 patients evaluated, 172 patients were included in the study.
RESULTS: Of the 172 patients, 110 (64%) had HCV-associated HCC and 62 (36%) had HBV-associated HCC. More patients with HBV infection were males (P=.003) and were younger (P=.015) than HCV patients. HCV-infected patients who developed HCC had more advanced cirrhosis (P=.048). The prevalence of comorbidities and pre-existing cirrhosis was similar in both groups. Seven patients (6.8%) with underlying HCV developed HCC in the absence of cirrhosis. Patients with HBV-associated HCC were less likely to meet Milan criteria at initial diagnosis than those with HCV-associated HCC (33.9% vs. 52.7%, respectively, P=.017). HBV-associated HCC occurred at a more advanced Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage. The overall median survival and treatment outcome for each modality was comparable.
CONCLUSIONS: HBV- and HCV-associated HCC have distinct clinical and pathological characteristics, necessitating different screening policies to optimize HCC surveillance and management. However, viral etiology did not affect the treatment outcome and long-term survival.
LIMITATIONS: Conducted in a single-center, retrospective and lacks information about the use of antiviral treatment.