Abstract
Coal is the vital source of energy in world and is a burnable brownish black or black sedimentary rock contemporary in the rock strata in form of layers; thickness of layers may vary. It is available in all over the world in large quantities and can be extracted to be utilized as energy-producing source to fulfill the energy demand. There are two modes of mining: (a) surface or open pit mining and (b) underground mining. The method of excavation adopted depends on a number of factors including depth of deposition and inclination angle of the coal seam. The workers involved in this operation are prone to more risk than the workers who are involved in other operations. Miners face numerous problems in the process of underground coal extraction such as high temperature, humidity, coal and silica dusts, harmful gases, the rock stresses, and the disturbance due to extraction that causes failures. These problems cause injuries, multifatalities, and major asset losses until precautions are taken to control these problems. Coal mine failures are affected by various factors such as geological and structural parameters. The in situ conditions of the rocks in the coal mines are disturbed due to excavation and extraction of coal. In order to stabilize the roof as well as walls of the coal mines, different techniques are used. The most common techniques of supports in coal mines include can support, pump-able roof support, cluster prop, timber support, prop, shotcrete, wire mash, and rock bolts.