Abstract
Background. The wide range of restorative materials available for use in the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology requires a better understanding of their esthetic properties.
Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess the stability of the color and translucency of different CAD/CAM restorative materials before and after being subjected to different staining solutions.
Material and methods. A total of 160 disc-shaped specimens were prepared from glass ceramic (IPS-e.max (R)-CAD and Celtra Duo (R)), high-translucency zirconia (Lava (TM) Plus), resin nanoceramic (LavaTM Ultimate), and hybrid ceramic (VITA ENAMIC (R)) CAD/CAM blocks (5 groups, n = 32). The specimen color and translucency parameter (TP) were assessed using a spectrophotometer at baseline and after subjecting the specimens to different staining solutions (coffee, cola, ginger, and water). Changes in color (Delta E) and TP (Delta TP) were calculated. The data was analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05).The correlation between Delta E and Delta TP was investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Results. Staining significantly affected the baseline color of all specimens. Ginger had the most significant effect on Lava Plus (Delta E = 4.01 +/- 1.2), cola on Celtra Duo (Delta E = 2.29 +/- 0.25) and coffee on Lava Ultimate (Delta E = 2.59 +/- 0.17). Generally, IPS-e.max-CAD showed the smallest Delta E. No significant differences in Delta TP were found between different staining solutions. Increased Delta E correlated with decreased translucency for all the tested materials and staining solutions.
Conclusions. Staining had a marked effect on the color and translucency of the tested CAD/CAM materials. The color change was staining solution- and material-dependent, with IPS-e.max-CAD showing the greatest color stability.