Abstract
Background: Incorporating focused cardiac ultrasonography ( FoCUS) into clinical examination could improve the diagnostic yield of bedside patient evaluation.
Purpose: To compare the accuracy of FoCUS-assisted clinical assessment versus clinical assessment alone for diagnosing left ventricular dysfunction or valvular disease in adults having cardiovascular evaluation.
Data Sources: English-language searches of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science from 1 January 1990 to 23 May 2019 and review of reference citations.
Study Selection: Eligible studies were done in patients having cardiovascular evaluation; compared FoCUS-assisted clinical assessment versus clinical assessment alone for the diagnosis of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, aortic or mitral valve disease, or pericardial effusion; and used transthoracic echocardiography as the reference standard.
Data Extraction: Three study investigators independently abstracted data and assessed study quality.
Data Synthesis: Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The sensitivity of clinical assessment for diagnosing left ventricular dysfunction ( left ventricular ejection fraction <50%) was 43% ( 95% CI, 33% to 54%), whereas that of FoCUS-assisted examination was 84% ( CI, 74% to 91%). The specificity of clinical assessment was 81% ( CI, 65% to 90%), and that of FoCUS-assisted examination was 89% ( CI, 85% to 91%). The sensitivities of clinical assessment and FoCUS-assisted examination for diagnosing aortic or mitral valve disease ( of at least moderate severity) were 46% ( CI, 35% to 58%) and 71% ( CI, 63% to 79%), respectively. Both the clinical assessment and the FoCUS-assisted examination had a specificity of 94% ( CI, 91% to 96%).
Limitation: Evidence was scant, persons doing ultrasonography had variable skill levels, and most studies had unclear or high risk of bias.
Conclusion: Clinical examination assisted by FoCUS has greater sensitivity, but not greater specificity, than clinical assessment alone for identifying left ventricular dysfunction and aortic or mitral valve disease; FoCUS-assisted examination may help rule out cardiovascular pathology in some patients, but it may not be sufficient for definitive confirmation of cardiovascular disease suspected on physical examination.