Abstract
Owing to extremely high salinity and harsh environmental conditions, T. articulata is one of the most abundant wild plants growing in the deserts of Saudi Arabia. Such plants may contain novel compounds to display promising biological activities. Here, in this study, we evaluate the biological activities of methanolic extracts of fresh leaves, dry leaves, stem, and roots of T. articulata. The antioxidant activity was determined by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined using standard colorimetric methods. Whereas antimicrobial and ant-proliferative activities were determined by standard well-diffusion and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) methods, respectively. Our results demonstrate that all methanolic extracts of T. articulata showed antioxidant activity, however, the methanolic extract of dry leaves exhibits promising antioxidant effect with IC50 value 49.08 +/- 1.98, which was strongly supported by total phenolic (409.92 +/- 6.03 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoid (177.71 mg QE/g DW) content. Although, antimicrobial activity was also exhibited by all the methanolic extracts, however, methanolic extract of dry leaves exhibits promising antimicrobial activity in Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidemidis. Furthermore, MTT assay revealed that all methanolic extracts exhibit antiproliferative activity in MCF-7 (breast cancer) and RKO (colorectal cancer) cells with IC50 values ranges from 219 +/- 5.112 mg/ml to 253 +/- 5.231 mg/ml and 220 +/- 4.330 mu g/ml to 325 +/- 6.213 mu g/ml, respectively. However, the most promising antiproliferative effect was displayed by methanolic extract of dry leaves with IC50 values 219 +/- 5.112 mu g/ml and 220 +/- 4.330 mu g/ml, respectively. In summary, these findings provide evidence that T. articulata has promising biological activities and can be used for many pharmaceutical activities in the future. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.