Abstract
Purpose: To compare changes in clinical (bleeding on probing [BOP] and probing pocket depth [PPD]), radiographic (crestal bone loss [CBL]), and immunologic inflammatory (interleukin-1beta [IL-1 beta] and matrix metalloproteinase-9 [MMP-9]) parameters around crestally and subcrestally placed dental implants 5 years after implant placement.
Materials and Methods: Fifty-two patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 27): patients with single implants placed approximately 2 mm below the alveolar crest; group 2 (n = 25): patients with single implants placed at bone level. In both groups, peri-implant BOP, PPD, and CBL were measured, and levels of IL-1 beta and MMP-9 were determined in duplicates using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Full-mouth debridement was performed biannually in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test (significance set at p < 0.05).
Results: All measurements in groups 1 and 2 were performed 5.3 +/- 0.2 and 5.2 +/- 0.1 years after implant placement, respectively. The mean CBL was 1.2 +/- 0.2 mm and 1.4 +/- 0.2 mm in groups 1 and 2, respectively. There was no significant difference in mean BOP, PPD, CBL and in levels of IL-1 beta, and MMP-9 among implants in both groups.
Conclusion: Clinical, radiographic, and immunologic inflammatory parameters are comparable around crestally and subcrestally placed single dental implants up to 5 years after placement. The depth of implant placement appears to have no effect on clinical status and performance of single dental implants.