Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs) represent a sizeable range of useful organic substances. Their unique electrical, chemical, and physical properties; reasonable price; simple preparation; small dimensions; and large surface area have enabled researchers to discover a wide variety of uses, including sensors, supercapacitors, solar cells, batteries, biochemical applications, and electrochromic devices. To promote the success of CPs, unique composite materials have been prepared with metals or steel oxides. The goal of this overview is to characterize the electrochemical sensor utility of CPs and their composites and to categorize future components of electrochemical sensing materials. CPs have been comprehensively applied over a wide range of variable industrial fields; such CPs have used many new materials with diverse compositions that are utilized as electrochemical sensors and biosensors. These materials have been fabricated inside numerous analytical instruments that are applied in healthcare settings and clinical, environmental, food, and pharmaceutical laboratories. Electrochemical sensors are essentially based on CPs and/or their corresponding composite materials. Therefore, the present work provides a brief illustration of electrochemical sensor and biosensor applications for the most important conducting polymer composite materials. Polyaniline (PANI), poly(o-toluidine) (PoT), and poly(o-anisidine) (PoAN) were considered in this study. Moreover, the most important electrochemical properties of these conducting polymer composite materials are discussed.