Abstract
The function of a mammal is impacted by heat stress. This review considers the signs, symptoms, therapies, molecular reactions, histological changes, and effects of heat on protein metabolism in mammals. Heat stress is considered as a thermal injury model to the central nervous system (CNS), this review discusses the histopathological changes caused by heat stress on the CNS. Heat stress lowers metabolic rates, reduces feed intake and changes post-absorptive metabolism Heat stress disturbs the steady-state levels of free radicals, which in turn causes oxidative damage to both the mitochondria and the cells. Traditional and cutting-edge cooling techniques are covered in the management of heat stress.
•A range of study designs is used for signs, symptoms, therapies, molecular reactions, histological changes, immune functions, and effects of heat on protein metabolism in mammals.•The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the major focus of the stress signal to predominantly influence the immune response.•The histopathological changes are caused by heat stress on the Central Nervous system (CNS).