Abstract
Malignant melanoma is characterized by both genetic and molecular alterations that activate phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and RAS/BRAF pathways. In this work, through diversity-based high-throughput virtual screening we identified a lead molecule that selectively targets PI3K and BRAFV600E kinases. Computational screening, Molecular dynamics simulation and MMPBSA calculations were performed. PI3K and BRAFV600E kinase inhibition was done. A375 and G-361 cells were used for in vitro cellular analysis to determine antiproliferative effects, annexin V binding, nuclear fragmentation and cell cycle analysis. Computational screening of small molecules indicates compound CB006-3 selectively targets PI3KCG (gamma subunit), PI3KCD (delta subunit) and BRAFV600E. Molecular dynamics simulation and MMPBSA bases binding free energy calculations predict a stable binding of CB-006-3 to the active respective IC50 values of 75.80, 160.10 and 70.84 nM. CB-006-3 controlled the proliferation of A375 and G-361 cells with GI50 values of 223.3 and 143.6 nM, respectively. A dose dependent increase in apoptotic cell population and sub G0/G1 phase of cell cycle were also observed with the compound treatment in addition to observed nuclear fragmentation in these cells. Furthermore, CB-006-3 inhibited BRAFV600E, PI3KCD and PI3KCG in both melanoma cells. Collectively, based on the computational modeling and in vitro validations, we propose CB-006-3 as a lead candidate for selectively targeting PI3K and mutant BRAFV600E to inhibit melanoma cell proliferation. Further experimental validations, including pharmacokinetic evaluations in mouse models will identify the druggability of the proposed lead candidate for further development as a therapeutic agent for treating melanoma.