Abstract
A series of 27 new quinoxaline derivatives (N-alkyl-[2-(3-phenylquinoxalin-2-ylsulfanyl)]acetamides, methyl-2-[2-(3-phenylquinoxalin-2-ylsulfanyl)-acetylamino]alkanoates, and their corresponding dipeptides) were prepared from 3-phenylquinoxaline-2(1H)-thione based on the chemoselective reaction with soft electrophiles. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to study the efficacy of 27 compounds on cancer cell viability and proliferation. A total of 13 compounds (4a-c, 5, 6, 8c, 9c, 9f, 10a, 10b, 11c, 12b, and 12c) showed inhibitory action on HCT-116 cancer cells and 15 compounds (4a-c, 5, 6, 8c, 9a, 9c, 9f, 9h, 10b, 11c, 12a, 12b, and 12c) showed activity on MCF-7 cancer cells, with compound 10b exhibiting the highest inhibitory action (IC50 1.52 and 2 mu g/mL, respectively) on both cell lines. The molecular modeling studies on the human thymidylate synthase (hTS) homodimer interface showed that these compounds are good binders and could selectively inhibit the enzyme by stabilizing its inactive conformation. The study also identified key residues for homodimer binding, which could be used for further optimization and development.