Abstract
The paper discusses the cooperative tracking problem of partially known cyber–physical multi-agent networked systems. In this system, there exist two cascaded chances for cyber-attacks. The local agent is of networked system type that is subjected to unknown false data-injection and replay cyber-attacks that are dissimilar in the sensor-controller and the controller-actuator network parts. The communication between any two agents, if they are connected, is accomplished via a communication network that is subjected to false data-injection cyber-attacks. The problem of the existing two cascaded chances for cyber-attacks is solved in three steps. First, with partially known system parameters and unknown false data-injection and replay cyber-attacks, the state estimates of all the local followers are evaluated by designing local adaptive observers. Second, a new technique is designed to compensate for the unmatched terms that result from the use of local adaptive observers. After that, distributed adaptive leader–follower security controllers are proposed based on the local estimated information in addition to the infected arrived information from the neighbors. Meanwhile, it is verified that the suggested security control method guarantees that all states of the followers under the considered cyber-attacks follow the given leader asymptotically. The efficacy of the developed adaptive leader–follower security controllers is verified via an illustrative example.
•The adaptive leader-follower security control for CPMANSs is considered.•The challenges of considering two cascaded cyber-attacks are investigated.•The first is in the local networked agent; false-data injection and replay attacks.•The second is between the agents and their neighbors; false-data injection attacks.