Abstract
Regulating hydrocarbon emissions from refineries and petrochemical plants can prevent photochemical reactions that lead to smog. Major hydrocarbon emission sources in a plant include storage tanks, oil-water separators, pumps, valves, loading facilities, process heaters, and relief valves. Measures for controlling such emissions are examined. Techniques are also explored for reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides, particulates, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide.