Abstract
Background: Disregarding the type of relationship between periodontitis and breast cancer, whether it is casual, co-occurrence, or causal, establishing a relationship between the two will help take initiative for females who are high at high risk of developing breast cancer if they already have periodontal disease.
Aims: The present case-control clinical study aimed to assess the association between breast cancer and periodontitis.
Methods: The study included a total of 402 females 134 females who were cases and 268 females who served as controls. In all subjects, a full-mouth clinical assessment was done for the periodontal condition at six sites for each tooth followed by evaluating the clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth (PPD), Gingival index (GI), and Plaque Index (PI).
Results: Periodontal parameters were worse in cases with breast cancer compared to controls with significantly higher scores for plaque index and clinical attachment levels. For all models of periodontitis, a significant association was seen between the four cases definitions of periodontitis suggested by CDC-AAP (center for disease control-American Academy of Periodontology) and breast cancer with respective p-values of 0.02, 0.04, 0.004, and 0.005 as depicted in Table 2.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that females having periodontitis are at a higher risk of developing breast cancer compared to subjects without periodontal disease. Care, diagnosis, and comprehensive risk assessment should be done in females with periodontitis and breast cancer.