Abstract
Background: Curcumin likely has wound-healing properties, but its poor pharmacokinetic attributes inhibit its potential. To overcome these limitations, a novel nanoformulation was previously developed, wherein curcumin was loaded into mesoporous silica particles.
Objectives: The objective of the study is to assess the efficiency of this nanocurcumin formulation as a wound-healing agent in an animal model.
Materials and Methods: Curcumin was loaded onto mesoporous silica particles. Eighteen healthy, test-naive male Wistar rats were randomly separated into two groups of 9: Group 1 (control) rats were treated topically with a standard drug (sulfadiazine) and Group 2 with 1% curcumin formulation. A circular excision wound was made, and topical application was performed twice a day. The excision diameters were measured on days 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 of treatment. Three rats from each group were sacrificed on days 7, 14 and 21, and a cross-section from skin specimen in the excision injury was obtained for histological assessment of inflammation, angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, presence of collagen and reepithelization.
Results: Wound contraction percentage in rats treated with curcumin nanoformulation was nonsignificantly higher than that in the control group (P > 0.05). In both groups, inflammatory reactions considerably reduced by day 21 of treatment, the angiogenesis process was almost complete by day 7, fibroblast proliferation noticeably rose by day 14, and a high degree of wound reepithelization was achieved by day 21, with no significant differences between the groups. Interestingly, by day 21, the level of collagen significantly increased in curcumin nanoformulation-treated rats compared with those treated with sulfadiazine.
Conclusions: Curcumin nanoformulation likely enhanced wound repair by inhibiting the inflammatory response, stimulating angiogenesis, inducing fibroblast proliferation as well as enhancing reepithelization and synthesis of collagen. Therefore, the curcumin nanoformulation used in this study may have potential as a wound-healing ethnomedicine.