Abstract
Can Fe2O3 be useful for photocatalytic and subsequently for environmentally beneficial reactions? This question perturbed the researchers for many years. Keeping in view the weak electronic transitions in the visible region, it was considered that α-Fe2O3 is not fit for photocatalytic applications. However, crystalline iron oxide in the form of hematite, because of its abundance, cost, and features such as suitable band gap for visible light absorption, stability, biocompatibility, attracted researchers to tune it for photochemical applications. This review has discussed the correlation of structure, electronic and optical properties that directly affect its ability to act as a photocatalyst. Various challenges affect the performance for practical use in photocatalytic applications. In the next section, the application of α-Fe2O3 as a single photocatalyst and its limitation, which discourage its use, has been highlighted. Various strategies have been adopted to tune its properties, but recent thrust to use as a component in fabricating Z-scheme and dual Z-scheme, which enhance the redox ability of α-Fe2O3, has been reviewed. Finally, we presented the conclusion with a summary and some stimulating future perspectives.
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•The potential and limitations of α-Fe2O3 as a photocatalyst were explored.•Z-Scheme heterojunctions as a preferred strategy for activity enhancement.•Dual Z-scheme fabrication emerged as a highly preferred strategy.•Energy and photocatalytic applications were explored.•The prospects of Z-scheme photocatalysts were highlighted.