Abstract
This study investigates the association between cyclin D1 immunohistochemical phenotype and the clinicopathological findings in bladder cancer. One hundred and twenty eight cases of previously diagnosed bladder cancer and 24 tissue samples of normal bladder were utilized for cyclin D1 expression detection using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry. High grading score of nuclear cyclin D1 immuno expression has been found in 66 (51.6%) bladder cancer cases, while 12 (50%) control cases showed cyclin D1 immunoreactivity. Strong cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining has been significantly linked with low grades (P=0.001), low stages (P=0.005), while low scores of cyclin D1 immunostaining were associated with muscularis propria invasion (P=0.003), lymph node invasion (P=0.024), and vascular invasion (P=0.010). Furthermore, histotype of bladder cancer slightly associated with cyclin D1 immunostaining (P=0.049), all of the squamous cell carcinoma cases showed low level of cyclin D1 immunostaining, while 55.4% of urothelial carcinoma cases revealed strong cyclin D1 immunostaining. Significant different survival distributions have been observed with cyclin D1 staining of transformed epithelium (P=0.026). High cyclin D1 staining of transformed epithelial cells is positively associated with poor survival. Our results confirm the great values of cyclin D1 in the prognosis of bladder cancer. These preliminary findings recommend that cyclin D1 maybe a valuable tissue biomarker for presaging grade, stage, and poor prognosis in bladder cancer.