Abstract
An analysis of dinucleotide frequencies was carried out on DNAs from insects and mammals, as well as on large DNA sequences from the genomes of
Drosophila melanogaster,
Anopheles gambiae, puffer fish (
Takifugu rubripes), zebra fish (
Danio rerio) and human. These organisms were chosen because
Drosophila and
Anopheles DNAs have an extremely low level of methylation, human DNA a high level and fish DNA a two-fold higher level compared to human. The results indicate that: (i) CpG deficiency and the corresponding TpG (CpA) excess show no correlation with the level of DNA methylation; indeed, genomes endowed with strikingly different levels of DNA methylation (such as those of
Drosophila and human) exhibited similar TpG (CpA) levels; (ii) the correlation between GC levels of large (50 kb) DNA sequences and TpA or CpG shortage levels do not appear to be due to CpG methylation followed by deamination; (iii) CpG dinucleotides are more frequent in fishes than in mammals; interestingly, the monotreme
Ornitorhinchus anatinus shows an intermediate CpG frequency. The implications of these results are discussed.