Abstract
The integration of blockchain with various business scenarios in cyber physical systems, where resilience is critical for the stability of system operation, can provide decentralized, constant validation and a con-sistent view of the system state. However, there are significant managerial and cybersecurity challenges in the integration process. The physical elements in the industrial infrastructure are heterogeneous with limited communication and computation capabilities. This paper aims to investigate the blockchain as-sured innovative business models in the power grid as a distributed industrial network and explore the blockchain consensus design that enables a state-aware power grid with high scalability. Following design science and interdisciplinary research methodology, a multi-level technical framework is developed to ex-plore the blockchain integration strategies, specifically with a customized Proof of Stake consensus, as a case study. Technical evaluation is performed to reveal the performance improvement and the resilience of the business models in the detection of false data injection attacks.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.