Abstract
Background: The burden of mental disorders continues to grow with significant impacts on health. It is one of the most important health indicators that causes considerable morbidity.
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the burden of stress, anxiety, and depression in the adult population and to explore its associated socioeconomic, and clinical determinants.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online using Google forms sent to residents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The total number enrolled was 329 subjects. Data was collected using a questionnaire which provided information on the socio-demographic characteristics, and medical history. The short version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)-21 Questionnaire was used to assess relevant depression, anxiety, and stress. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data; Chi Square and multi-linear regression tests of significance were used. The level of significance was 0.05.
Results: Depression (62.9%), Anxiety (62.6%) and Stress (47.7%) were common among the studied subjects. Depression score was significantly higher among the young subjects (beta = -0.077; p < 0.002), those who smoke Hookah-Shisha (beta = -2.862; p < 0.000), those who do not practice arts (beta = -0.968; p < 0.027), among subjects with physical restrictions (beta = -5.683; p < 0.004), and those with arthritis, (beta = -3.221; p < 0.000). The anxiety score was significantly associated with smoking HookahShisha (beta = -1.897; p < 0.004), and among those with arthritis, (beta = -2.585; p < 0.000). The stress score was significantly higher among the females. (beta = 1.552; p < 0.039), those who smoke Hookah-Shisha, (beta = -2.079; p < 0.006), those who use narcotic drugs, (beta = -1.941; p < 0.019), those who use asthma medications, (beta = -.2.464; p < 0.037), and among those with chronic arthritis (beta = -2.222; p < 0.007).
Conclusions: Despite achievements in education, health care, and economic development of the Saudi population over the past 3 decades, the trend of these disorders has alarmingly increased. Considering the findings, it is necessary to develop appropriate community-based primary and secondary mental health prevention programs. More research, about this issue, in different regions of the Kingdom needs to be conducted.