Abstract
A new series of nicotinonitrile derivatives
-
was designed and synthesized from the starting material (
)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (
) to assess their molluscicidal activity. The newly synthesized nicotinonitrile compounds
-
were characterized based on FTIR,
H-NMR, and
C-APT NMR spectra as well as elemental microanalyses. The target compounds
-
were screened for their toxicity effect against
land snails and were compared to Acetamiprid as a reference compound. The results demonstrated that the nicotinonitrile-2-thiolate salts
and
had good mortality compared with that of Acetamiprid. The results of the in vivo effect of the prepared nicotinonitrile molecules
,
, and
on biochemical parameters, including AChE, ALT, AST, and TSP, indicated a reduction in the level of AChE and TSP as well as an increase in the concentration of transaminases (ALT and AST). A histopathological study of the digestive gland sections of the
land snails was carried out. The nicotinonitrile-2-thiolate salts
,
showed vacuolization, causing the digestive gland to lose its function. It could be concluded that the water-soluble nicotinonitrile-2-thiolate salts
,
could be adequate molluscicidal molecules against
land snails.