Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) possesses appreciable defluoridation capacity (DC) of 2451 mgF- kg (-1). To enhance the DC and its properties, amine functionalized graphene oxide (AGO) was developed for fluoride removal. In addition, the prepared AGO have the vital DC of 4001 mgF-kg (-1). The sophisticated instrumentations techniques namely SEM, TGA, FTIR, XRD, XPS and Raman analysis were explored for AGO and individual materials. The optimization of the responsible parameters (shaking time, solution pH, AGO dosage, interfering anions, temperature and initial fluoride ion concentration) for fluoride adsorption was employed under batch conditions. The influence of adsorption isotherms (Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) and Langmuir), kinetics (particle/ intraparticle diffusion and pseudo-first/second-order models) and thermodynamic studies (Delta H degrees, Delta S degrees and Delta G degrees) of AGO was investigated. The fluoride removal mechanism of AGO was found to be electrostatic attraction. The reusability and field study of AGO was also scrutinized.