Abstract
The synthesis of two groups of structure hybrids comprising basically the antipyrine moiety attached to either polysubstituted thiazole or 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole counterparts through various linkages is described. Twelve out of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity using two different screening protocols; namely, the formalin-induced paw edema and the turpentine oil-induced granuloma pouch bioassays, using diclofenac Na as a reference standard. The ulcerogenic effects and acute toxicity (ALD(50)) values of these compounds were also determined. Meanwhile, the analgesic activity of the same compounds was evaluated using the rat tail withdrawal technique. Additionally, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. In general, compounds belonging to the thiazolylantipyrine series exhibited better biological activities than their thiadiazolyl structure variants. Collectively, compounds 6, 10, 26, and 27 proved to display distinctive anti-inflammatory and analgesic profiles with a fast onset of action. All of the tested compounds revealed super GI safety pro. le and are well tolerated by the experimental animals with high safety margin (ALD(50) > 3.0 g/kg). Meanwhile, compounds 7, 10, 11, and 23 are considered to be the most active broad spectrum antimicrobial members in this study. Compound 10 could be identified as the most biologically active member within this study with an interesting dual anti-inflammatory analgesic and antibacterial pro. le. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.