Abstract
•Highly economic microwave syntheses of novel benzotriazole-1,2,3-triazoles.•Good anticancer activities of the synthesized molecules.•Good DNA interactions of the synthesized molecules.•Interaction with DNA was determined using modeling studies.•The reported molecules may be future anticancer agents.
Despite the availability of some drugs, there is an urgent need for effective anti-cancer medication. It is due to various side effects and non-functionality of the present drugs; especially at the late stage of cancer. Therefore, three series (4a-e, 6a-e and 8a-j; 21 compounds) of benzotriazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrids (carrying different pharmacophores) have been designed and synthesized (by both conventional and microwave syntheses) through the Cu(I)-catalyzed click 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the propargylated benzotriazole with the appropriate aliphatic, aromatic and phenyl/benzyl acetamide azides. The syntheses times were from 6 to 12 h and 4 to 8 min in conventional and microwave syntheses. The yields were 80 to 86% and 89 to 95% in conventional and microwave syntheses; confirming microwave synthesis as an economic and eco-friendly method. These compounds were characterized by proper spectroscopic methods. The anticancer activities with A549 and H1299 lung cancer cell lines were in the range of 70.0 to 90.0% for 4a-e series, 78.0 to 90.0% for 6a-e series and 81.0 to 90.0% for 8a-j series. The reported compounds showed good DNA binding constants in the range of 1.3 × 103 to 11.90 × 105M−1. The docking results suggested strong DNA bindings of the reported compounds in the minor grooves of DNA; through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The quite good anticancer activities and high DNA binding constants have indicated that the reported molecules may be future anticancer agents.
Design, click conventional and microwave syntheses, DNA binding, docking and anticancer studies of benzotriazole-1,2,3-triazole molecular hybrids with different pharmacophores [Display omitted]