Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes
is a species of Gram-positive bacteria. It is also known as
Group A Streptococcus
(
GAS
) that causes pathogenesis to humans only. The
GAS
infection has several manifestations including invasive illness. Current research has linked the molecular modes of
GAS
virulence with substantial sequencing determinations for the isolation of genomes. These advances help to comprehend the molecular evolution resulting in the pandemic strains. Thus, it is indispensable to reconsider the philosophy that involves
GAS
pathogenesis. The recent investigations involve studying
GAS
in the nasopharynx and its capability to cause infection or asymptomatically reside in the host. These advances have been discussed in this article with an emphasis on the natural history of
GAS
and the evolutionary change in the pandemic strains. In addition, this review describes the unique functions for major pathogenicity determinants to comprehend their physiological effects.