Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of some plant growth regulators and precursors on the secondary metabolites synthesis and development from Khalas and Sukari varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) through tissue culture technique, where date palm accumulating broad range of different chemicals in their tissues. Steroids, phenolics and glycosides compounds were specified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. Cholesterol is an important steroid applied in many growth and development processes and all metabolites has been assigned to having health benefit and nutritional value in the human diet. It is one of ideal animal stores has recently been discoverd among plants and It should be noticed that the obtain chromatograms represent not only the steroids but also all the compounds in the extracts. Offshoots were taken from adult of khalas and sukari were cultured on culture media were included different concentrations of 2,4-D,2ip and BA where the highest percentages of callus production 22.5, 21.23, 20.25, and 19.55 were registered with shoot tip, and primordial leaf explants with 3 mg/I 2,4-D 3 mg/1 2iP and 5 mg/I BA with shoot tip. The primeval leaf of Khalas and Sukari of date palm cultivars appeared the best organ tissue for callus production, while the maximum cell number was 5.13 with 1.0 mg/I 2,4-D +1.0 mg/I 2iP + 3 mg/1 NAA. Meantime, the steroid formation was answered differently to the various IBA concentration (0.0, 0.2 and 0.4) utilized in this study where steroid formation reaching its maximum value with 0.4 mg/1 IBA concentrations which motivated steroid formation compared with the control 0 mg/I IBA. Furthermore, different concentrations of casein hydrolysate (0,1,2,3 and 4g/1) were studied for achievement and accumulation of total steroid, phenolic and other compounds in cell cultures of shoot tips and primeval leaves of Khalas and Sukari date palm cultivars where the maximum values of total phenolic compound 3.4 (mg/g F.W) were registered with 2g/1 casein hydrolysate. likewise, dry, fresh weights (g/flask), and dry matter content (%) as an indicator for cell growth parameters were registered. The best results of dry weight 0.74 (g/ flask); fresh weight 5.05 (g/ flask) and dry matter content 8.5 (%) from shoot tip explants and Khalas date palm cultivar presented the best results compared with Sukari cultivar.