Abstract
Herein, we have developed the thin Gd@PbI(2)films on FTO via a facile spin coating route and subjected to various studies. The formation of (001) oriented hexagonal phase Gd:PbI2/FTO films was confirmed by X-ray diffraction & FT-Raman spectroscopy analyses. The size was determined through Scherrer formula in 11-16 nm range. The doping of Gd and its homogeneity was tested and approved by EDX and SEM e-mapping studies. The Gd doping impact on surface morphology was inspected via SEM images and found very low dimension grains formation throughout the films area. Tauc's formula was employed to obtain energy gap and found in 2.46-2.74 eV for all Gd@PbI(2)films. Absorption and refractive indices were estimated in 0.034-1.2 and 1.4-11 between 395 and 2400 nm wavelength regions. Respective dielectric constant and loss values were noted between 3.5 and 112, and 0.13 and 1.4, signify high dielectric constant and low loss values. The optical conductivity was calculated of 10(16)order for all Gd@PbI(2)films. SELF and VELF related values were also determined. The values of nonlinear optics related parameters were also calculated and revealed that the grown films are potential candidates for opto-nonlinear devices.