Abstract
Devices of solar water desalination confront many problems including the low thermal properties of phase change materials (PCMs) such as heat transfer, storage of heat capacity, charging and discharging capability. Thus, these properties need to be improved by using a simple and novel procedure. So, incorporation and dispersion of hybrid nano-powders inside PCMs is considered a simple and novel procedure to improve the thermal properties of solar water desalination devices. The present article is focused on incorporating different nano-powders of MWCNTs and Al2O3 inside PCMs to improve the thermal characteristics of solar water desalination applications. Different nano-powders of MWCNTs and Al2O3 have been incorporated as: (i) 1.0 mass% Al2O3, (ii) 1.0 mass% MWCNTs, and (iii) hybrid 1.0 mass% of Al2O3 + 1.0 mass% MWCNTs, inside a constant amount of 250 gm RT-65HC paraffin wax. An innovative prototype was designed and produced to measure the thermal characteristics of solar water desalination devices. Various analyses have been carried out to study the influence of nano-powders scattering on the morphological, microstructural observations, chemical and thermal characteristics, including SEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, DSC, thermal conductivity, and infrared thermography. Microstructural observations showed that the excellent dispersion of nano-powders was at hybrid nano-additives of 1.0 mass% MWCNTs + 1.0 mass% Al2O3 inside PCMs. The uniform scattering of hybrid 1.0 mass% MWCNTs + 1.0 mass% Al2O3 inside PCMs assists to eliminate any defects. Finally, thermal characteristics of hybrid nano-additives phase change materials (NAPCMs) were improved specially in thermal stability, latent heat temperature, and thermal conductivity at 89%, 80%, and 32.8%, respectively.