Abstract
Sleeping difficulties are the most significant cause of disability in menopausal women. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the first line of management for sleeping difficulties and chronic insomnia. Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of an Internet-based CBT program on sleeping difficulties in menopausal women. Design This was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 80 eligible menopausal women who fit the criteria of poor sleep quality were randomly and evenly assigned to the CBT intervention group or the control group. Tools The tools used for data collection were the demographic sheet, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, and sleep diary. Internet-based CBT modules were administered to the intervention group. Six consecutive modules were held weekly for each participant. Sleep quality scores and insomnia index scores were considered the primary outcomes, while sleep diaries were the secondary outcomes. Self-administered questionnaires were given at baseline and 6 weeks after randomization. Findings Internet-based CBT is effective in reducing sleeping difficulties, particularly sleep quality scores (-3.60 +/- 2.76) and insomnia index scores (-5.10 +/- 3.54) from baseline. Moreover, the program induced significant changes in sleep parameters, such as increased total sleep hours (t = 2.734, p = 0.008), increased sleep efficiency >= 85%, (t = 3.558, p = 0.001), and decreased sleep latency (t = 2.180, p = 0.033) compared with the control group. Conclusion: The strong predictors of having very poor sleep quality were short duration since last menopause, severity of hot flashes, and short duration of sleep difficulties. Practice Implication Internet-based CBT is a useful practical intervention for managing sleeping difficulties in menopausal women. The current study provides evidence on the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of Internet-based cognitive behavioral intervention; thus, we recommend this method as a practical and accessible intervention to improve sleep in menopausal women.