Abstract
The linear and nonlinear properties of electrostatic and electromagnetic waves in the presence of ion-temperature gradient, magnetic-field gradient, density gradient, and velocity gradients are examined. In the linear limit, a dispersion relation is obtained that admits new instabilities of drift waves. It is found that parallel velocity shear couples the electrostatic and magnetostatic modes and can cause an instability. An estimate of the anomalous ion energy transport and particle flux on the basis of mixing length hypothesis is made and the results are discussed for some interesting limiting cases. Furthermore, stationary solutions of the nonlinear equations without dissipation are also presented. The findings of the present investigation should be useful in understanding fluctuations and transport phenomena in space and laboratory plasmas.