Abstract
For energy-efficient resource management, void node avoidance is one of the key objectives in the energy constrained underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). In this paper, we propose two new routing protocols for the UWSN which is one of the end parts of a cloud. The first protocol is avoiding void node with adaptive hop-by-hop vector based forwarding (AVN-AHH-VBF), and the second is cooperation-based AVN-AHH-VBF (CoAVN-AHH-VBF). In both schemes, sensor nodes forward data packets in multihop fashion within a virtual pipeline. The nodes outside the pipeline do not forward data packets to avoid flooding in the network. At each hop, forwarding toward void region of the network is avoided by utilizing two hop information. Results of extensive simulations show that our proposed schemes significantly improve the network performance in terms of delivery ratio, energy expenditure and delay as compared with the selected existing scheme (AHH-VBF).