Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to estimate the copper levels in saliva of patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and different areca nut products and its correlation with different histological grades of OSF.
MethodsThe study comprised 60 individuals, 30 OSF patients and 30 non-OSF individuals. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, and copper analysis was performed using colorimetric method. The commercial areca nut products used by the patients were acquired and subjected to copper analysis through the atomic absorption spectrophotometer method. Oral biopsies were performed for OSF patients for histopathological correlation.
ResultsThe mean salivary copper level was 27.023g/dl in OSF patients when compared with 8.393g/dl in non-OSF individuals (P<0.005). The mean copper content in different areca nut products was 13.313ppm (P<0.005). Comparison of copper content in different areca nut products with salivary copper levels of OSF patients showed negative correlation (P<0.853). Comparison of salivary copper levels between different histological grades of OSF yielded a statistically significant association between grades I and III (P<0.005) and grades II and III OSF (P<0.019). Comparison of copper content in areca nut products and different histological grades of OSF yielded weak negative statistical correlation (r=-0.116).
ConclusionDespite high copper content in areca nut products, the observations yielded a negative correlation with different histological grades of OSF. This further raises a doubt about the copper content in areca nut as an etiological factor for this crippling disease.