Abstract
Nowadays, the demand for sustainable buildings is increasing. The main purpose of buildings is to provide a comfortable living environment for their occupants, considering different aspects including thermal, visual, and acoustic comfort as well as Indoor Air Quality. Decreasing carbon footprint and energy consumption rates while increasing comfort level can help to achieve better living and working environment for building users. This research proposes a framework that aims at improving building system energy performance using building information modeling (BIM) during buildings' design stage by evaluating different alternatives for installed building systems. According to experts' opinions, evaluating buildings' energy performance by analyzing the energy consumption rates alone without including economic and environmental factors is insufficient. Therefore, in this paper, building systems are evaluated using four main criteria; operating cost savings, total energy consumption per year, Lifecycle cost savings, and carbon emissions. A Multiple Criteria Decision-making (MCDM) technique is applied using Superiority and Inferiority Ranking (SIR) to study the behavior of different alternatives. Sensitivity analysis is performed to detect the criticality and effectiveness of the different defined criteria that influence environmental concerns and building system energy performance. A case study is presented to demonstrate the use of the proposed framework on an academic building by considering four criteria which are Operating Costs, Life Cycle Cost, Energy Consumption, and Carbon Emissions. Sensitivity analysis is performed on the weights of the criteria to determine how critical each criterion is and how they affect the ranking of the alternatives. A total of 36 combinations are simulated, considering changing the weights and procedure (SAW vs. TOPSIS). The rank that has the top repetitive percentage is considered to identify the most dominating alternative.