Abstract
Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics (PK) course is an important pillar in Pharm. D curriculum. COVID-19 has affected the educational processes all over the world. Accordingly, most of the courses have been shifted to be taught using distance teaching strategies. This paper aimed to evaluate the Pharm. D students' performance in Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics course before, during, and after COVID-19 era using face-2-face, online, and hybrid modes of study at College of Pharmacy, KKU. The applied clinical PK course was designed to achieve certain course learning outcomes (CLOs) that should map the Pharm.D program learning outcomes (PLOs). This was a retrospective study where student's grades were compared between three modes of studies over three semesters. T-test and ANOVA test were utilized to compare the differences between groups in same semester and between all three semesters. Even though the average of students' grade (out of 100) during the on-line teaching was higher (94.86) and no below passing grade achievement in comparison to traditional face-2-face (75.17) and hybrid (81.18) modes, there was no statistical significance between three semesters (p value = 0.822). Making modification in the traditional face-2-face mode of teaching may had positive impact on improvement of the overall students' performance in applied clinical PK course. Application of more active learning techniques including adding more basic PK materials (videos and on-line simulation links) may improve students' performance when provided earlier in the term for students who are at high risk of poor performance.