Abstract
Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a tropical infection of public health importance. Numerous treatment approaches are in practice with variable degree of success however its management has no universal consensus or practice guidelines to follow. Objective: Analyze the management of cutaneous leishmaniasis retrospectively at a central hospital of Jazan Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to identify the current treatment pattern and compare the outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted based on the hospital records of patients who attended the dermatology clinic for cutaneous leishmaniasis during the year 2012 to 2015. Results: Forty three patients were included in the study. There was a male preponderance (65.1%) among the patients and 60.5% of them were of pediatric age group. Monotherapy was the initial choice for 58.1% of the patients. Intralesional sodium stibogluconate (SS-IL) was the most preferred treatment for initial therapy, as monotherapy and as part of combination therapy. A complete response was achieved in 22 patients (51.2%) with initial therapy. Among the different treatment groups, SS-IL + itraconazole showed significantly higher complete response rate compared to other treatments offered as initial therapy (p<0.01). Initial SS-IL monotherapy provided complete response in 41.2% patients receiving it, while itraconazole monotherapy provided complete response in 75% and 90.9% of the patients receiving initial itraconazole + SS-IL combination therapy with achieved complete response. Conclusion: The findings and observations suggest that initial combination therapy with SS-IL + itraconazole significantly improved the complete response rates and thus reduced the need for additional or prolonged therapies.