Abstract
Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Preventive efforts mainly target the reduction of modifiable CVD risk factors through community-based promotion programs. One of these programs is the National Guard Health Promotion Program for Chronic Diseases and Comorbid Conditions among military personnel in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. Researchers have asserted that to improve every intervention program, especially those targeting public health issues, regular monitoring and evaluation are needed to determine the strength and weakness of the program. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of National Guard Health Promotion Program for Chronic Diseases and Comorbid Conditions among military personnel in Jeddah City by estimating Framingham risk score, diabetes risk score, and satisfaction level for the participants covered by the program for at least 6 months. Methods: Through pre- and poststudy design, a systematic random sample of military personnel who fulfilled the inclusion criteria (n = 267) were enrolled in the study. To assess the program's effectiveness, participants were subjected to clinical and laboratory assessment based mainly on Framingham risk scores before and after involvement in the program; satisfaction was assessed concurrently using a self-administered questionnaire. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare changes in non-normally distributed quantitative variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of risk of CVDs. Results: The subjects were all military men, with mean age of 35.8 +/- 6.6 years; 6% officers with the remainder "non-officers" primarily working in the combat services. After at least 6 months of the preventive program, there were statistically significant decreases in body mass index (-0.4 +/- 1.5 kg/m(2)), waist circumference (-0.9 +/- 6.2 cm), fasting blood glucose (-12.3 +/- 29.6 mg/dL), and total cholesterol (-15.4 +/- 40.2 mg/dL). Despite this observed improvement, the overall Framingham risk score showed a modest nonsignificant change (-0.1 +/- 2.1 points). Similarly, although specific predictors scores of diabetes mellitus showed significant improvement (decreased blood glucose [-0.4 +/- 1.8 points] and increased fruit and vegetable consumption [-0.2 +/- 0.6 points]), there was no significant change in the overall diabetes risk score (-0.01 +/- 2.5). The majority of the participants (96%) expressed that they were satisfied with the program. Conclusion: The National Guard Health Promotion Program is effective in improving specific risk factors such as body mass index, waist circumference, blood glucose, and intake of fruits and vegetables; in addition, it was perceived as being satisfactory. Nevertheless, it had no statistically significant impact on the overall total risk scores for CVDs and diabetes mellitus.