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Exact BER computation for cross QAM constellations
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Exact BER computation for cross QAM constellations

P.K. Vitthaladevuni, M.-S. Alouini and J.C. Kieffer
IEEE transactions on wireless communications, Vol.4(6), pp.3039-3050
01/11/2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2005.857997

Abstract

Additive white noise AWGN Bit error rate Communication system control Control systems cross quadrature amplitude modulation Error analysis Fading gray penalty Intelligent transportation systems outage probability Process control Quadrature amplitude modulation rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation square quadrature amplitude modulation
When the number of bits per symbol is odd, the peak and average power of transmission can be reduced by using cross quadrature amplitude modulations (QAMs) instead of rectangular QAMs. However, since perfect Gray coding is not possible for cross QAMs, using Smith-style Gray coding, this paper derives the exact bit error rate (BER) for cross QAM constellations over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels.

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