Abstract
Liquid structures such as droplets and slugs exist inside gas channels of polymer electrolyte fuel cells in low-temperature applications. The efficiency of these electrochemical devices depends on the effective removal of the produced water. The gas channels’ specifications like section geometry, corner angles, and surface wettability properties substantially control the liquid removal process. Here, five channels with various section geometries are modeled and the liquid-slug discharge process is investigated using a transient volume of fluid method. The numerical model consists of a segment of the cathode-side gas channel with the working conditions of an operational fuel cell. The dynamic two-phase flow simulations show that channels with smaller width and height eventuate in proper flow distribution at the gas feed. A channel with the sectional dimensions of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm results in. 35.18% faster GDL (Gas-Diffusion Layer) clearance, 29.32% faster liquid expulsion compared to other channels having 2–3 times higher dimensions. Therefore, this channel is recommended as the best design for improved fuel cell performance.
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•Slug dynamics in gas flow channels is simulated using the volume of fluid model.•Five different height-to-width aspect ratios are assessed for the section geometry.•Higher channels frequently spread the liquid structures on the gas diffusion layer.•Channels with smaller width are able to remove more product water.•A channel with the section dimension of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm outperforms larger sizes.