Abstract
•An advanced ORC system, tested on a 200 kW – class off-highway diesel engine.•A radial ORC turbine expander with novel back-swept blading tested experimentally.•A state-of-the-art molecularly-complex working fluid was tested.•Integrated generator electrical system power and efficiency measured.•Maximum 4.3% ORC system efficiency at 40% load on NRTC cycle at 1700 rpm (80 kW).
The purpose of this work is to experimentally evaluate the effect on fuel efficiency of a small scale organic Rankine cycle (ORC) as a waste heat recovery system (WHRS) in a heavy duty diesel engine that operates at steady state conditions. The WHRS consists of two operating loops, namely a thermal oil loop that extracts heat from the engine exhaust gases, and the working fluid loop which is the ORC system. The expansion machine of the ORC system is a radial inflow turbine with a novel back-swept blading that was designed from scratch and manufactured specifically for this WHR application. The engine test conditions include a partial engine load and speed operating point where various operating conditions of the ORC unit were tested and the maximum thermal efficiency of the ORC was defined close to 4.3%. Simultaneously, the maximum generated power was 6.3 kW at 20,000 rpm and pressure ratio of 5.9. The isentropic efficiency reached its peak of 35.2% at 20,000 rpm and 27% at 15,000 rpm. The experimental results were compared with the CFD results using the same off-design conditions, and the results were in good agreement with a maximum deviation of 1.15% in the total efficiency. Last but not least, the engine-WHRS energy balance is also discussed and presented.