Abstract
This research aims to investigate the impact of nanomaterials on the heat and mass transfer properties of fluids, with a particular focus on exploring the bioconvection phenomena. To achieve this, the study considers Carreau-Yasuda (CY) fluid, which is known for its shear thickening and thinning nature. The effects of a porous medium, radiation, and viscous dissipation are also considered to analyze heat-transfer rates. Velocity and thermal slip constraints are applied to the wall, while zero-mass flux conditions explain the concentration behavior of nanomaterials at the wall. The governing equations and conditions are simplified using a lubrication approach, and a numerical approach is used to solve the final equations with the help of constraints. The velocity, temperature, and concentration of nanomaterials and gyrotactic microorganisms are analyzed through graphs. The study finds that increasing the thermophoresis parameter leads to an increase in the concentration of nanomaterials. However, the opposite trend is noticed for the concentration of motile microorganisms. The results suggest that the addition of nanomaterials to fluids can significantly impact heat- and mass-transfer properties, and may have implications for biological processes.