Abstract
Objectives: To assess the outcome and impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) using validated Arabic versions of the Barthel index (BI) multiple sclerosis impact scale (MSIS-29), the modified Rankin scale (mRS), and the expanded disability status scale (EDSS).
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during July-November 2017. All Saudi adult patients diagnosed with MS between 2000-2016 (269 patients) were included. Patients were contacted via phone calls and were assessed using a newly developed and validated multi-component questionnaire that included demographic data, disease course, and Arabic versions of the scales.
Results: Out of 269 patients, 210 (78.2%) responded. The average patient age was 37.44 +/- 10.3 years. The majority were females (69.5%). Only; 51 (24.3%) patients reported worsening conditions. Annually; the average relapse rate was 2.28 +/- 1.91. In regard to patient outcomes, 120 (57.1%) showed no significant disability in mRS, 146 (69.5%) were ambulatory without aid in EDSS, and 185 (89.4%) were independent in BI scores. The average MSIS-29-PHYS score was 33.6 +/- 27.6 and MSIS-29-PSYCH score was 38.2 +/- 25.8. Modified Rankin scale and EDSS were significantly associated with the current use of disease-modifying therapy (DMT). Modified Rankin scale was negatively associated with delayed diagnosis. Barthel index showed significant association with medication compliance and the absence of attacks.
Conclusion: Majority of patients had a favorable outcome that was linked with the use of DMT, compliance, early diagnosis, and absence of attacks.